Non-infectious -inflammatory disorders

  • Multiple sclerosis and its variants
  • Acute disseminated encephalopmyelitis

Infectious-inflammatory disorders

  • Congenital CMV
  • Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
  • Subacute HIV encephalitis
  • Subacute CMV encephalitis
  • Progessive multifocal leukoencephalitis
  • Other infections

Toxic-metabolic disorders

  • Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency
  • Folate deficiency
  • Marchiafava-Bignami disease
  • Malnutrition
  • Toxic encephalopathies (endogenous - exogenous)

Hypoxic-ischemic disorders

  • Periventricular leukomalacia
  • Polycystic leukoencephalopathy
  • Delayed posthypoxic-ischemic demyelination
  • Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger)
  • Normal aging
  • Vasculitis
  • Radiation

Traumatic disorders

  • Shearing
  • Edema